I see the solution is for an image field in a child post, in my case it’s not the child post , but the Featured Image of the parent post. I’ve installed the latest version of Types on another site using a different them, exported/imported all of my post types and fields and I have the same issue on the new site.
I can confirm that my custom post type also has a child post type.
Experiencing this issue as well with version 1.6.6.2
I have noticed that I can set the featured image if I do so upon creating the post, but however if I save the post and then try to add a featured image, the featured image can not be set.