Check what the index page is set to. A static page or a posts page?
I didn’t realize I could only edit once. I have also tried switching back to Twenty-Ten and then returning to my custom theme to no avail.
Other things i’ve discovered:
1. Subsequent posts don’t display the error once posted UNLESS they have been “updated” Then the error resumes
2. Older posts are not displaying the issue. I haven’t tried checking if older posts which are then updated are also problematic.