Thanks for suggesting Firebug. It took me a while to figure out what it did, but once I knew what to look for, I managed to do some fooling around.
Pretty much all I did was delete two lines. As far as I can tell, I only needed the first to get it to do what I wanted.
.full-width .site-content .has-post-thumbnail .entry-header {
margin-top: 0;
}
I’m afraid just using trial and error didn’t exactly help me “understand” why the fix worked. I would prefer more precise code that doesn’t change anything other than what needs to be changed, but barring that I’ll go with what seems to work.
I thought that code did the trick, but it also created a new problem. I decided to take some screenshots to better illustrate what I want.
Twenty Fourteen Default
As you can see, the post content takes up space on the banner, which I’m sure works for most people, but it’s obvious why it’s an unwanted feature here.
Child
The fix did exactly what I wanted to do, but it also created a white space above the featured image banner.