Excellent plugin. I see that Wordfence offers both a free model and paid versions; I suggest accepting voluntary donations from users (via PayPal or other methods) for those who do not purchase the enterprise version but wish to contribute to the project.
I found the problem: two plugins were conflicting with each other and causing this duplicate image. The strange thing is that this issue didn’t appear until the latest plugin update; I removed one of them and everything has returned to normal.
