Whoa—thank you, that fixed it perfectly!
Ahh, sorry, I may have misspoke. I mean that the form is not sending the answers given for those fields. The emails we receive only contain 3 specific fields out of the possible 20. If it’s relevant, the form appears to have worked prior to June.
Thanks for the help, Takayuki!
— Theme: Beaver Builder Theme
— Plugins: All in One SEO, Beaver Builder Plugin, Beaver Themer, Conditional Fields for Contact Form 7, Contact Form 7, Jetpack, MailPoet 3, Ultimate Addons for Beaver Builder, UpdraftPlus, W3 Total Cache, Wordfence Security, WP-Invoice.
Disabling all the plugins, changing the theme, and clearing the cache hasn’t solved the issue.