Lorelle

First, don’t mess with things. 😉

If you are using WordPress as your site’s blog, then you should not even have an index.html file. It is now replaced by the index.php. You have two of them. One is in the root directory of your WordPress installation. If you have made a change in that file REPLACE IT with the original immediately. The only one you should mess with, if you mess with it at all, is the index.php located in your Theme folder under /wp-content/themes/yourtheme.

Second, if your Theme is working right and has the feature, there may be a link in the sidebar under meta which will say Site Admin or Admin or Login. That link will take you to your administration panel’s login screen.

If you have set up the options to show only one post on the front page, then all the others will be viewable and accessible through your archives or categories links. This is set up under Options > Reading.

Does this help?

CSS
Finding Your CSS Styles
Blog Design and Layout

And from there, you will find plenty more information. Links are known as a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover and they come in different flavors in different parts of your WordPress Theme depending upon the Theme’s design.

1. Choose a Theme that has a sidebar on the single post view.

2. Edit the single.php to resembled the index.php in structure, so where it says “widecolumn” or something similar in the CSS class for the content area, change it to “narrowcolumn” or whatever your Theme is using. Then add the call to the sidebar, as you see on the index.php template file.

For more information on the structure of typical WordPress Themes and editing Template files see:

Site Architecture 1.5
Stepping Into Templates
Templates
Theme Development

And I’m completely stumped on what you are looking for. Are you trying to assign posts to categories, or links to a specific category or Page?

Can you be more specific and we’ll try to help you better?

Instructions for accessing feeds are found in WordPress_Feeds. Try one of those links to see if the results change. And let us know so we can investigate this further. We also need a link to your site to check this out.

The problem might be with what you are using to access the feeds and not with your feeds.

Do you want to see them on your admin panel or do you want the user to see this information on your post? If you want to know how many words you entered in the Write Post panel, well, that’s something I’ve never heard of. If this is critical information for you, then I recommend that you write the post in a word processor (first turn off all the quote conversions) or find a good text editor with a word count and write your post in there and run it through the counter, then you would know. Then copy and paste it into WordPress. But MAKE SURE there are no curly quote marks and such as that will look weird on your blog.

If you would like to have this information available for readers to see, then there are some plugins that might help. Also, on occassion, I’ve been able to activate plugins and put their php template tags in my admin panels and have that information appear there but not on my site, so you might try that, too, if you are brave and know what you are doing. I explain one example of how to do that here.

Check out plugins that do this:

http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugins/Statistics
http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugins/Posts_Miscellaneous

Only if you put them there.

Now, let’s talk about how you can put them there. If you set WordPress Options to only show the Excerpt on the front page, then you can use the explicit EXCEPT section to put an excerpt in with a thumbnail version of the image. In the Write Post area, you can then put the full-size image and so on the front page, in the excerpt it would show the smaller image and then in the full page (single post view) view, it would show the large sized image.

I don’t know of a method to automatically do that for you.

For information on running Javascript, see Using Javascript. In order to run PHP inside of posts, something not recommended, you can use RunPHP or PHPExec, both found here:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugins/Posts_Formatting