Update:
I tried to do this on the live server which has a matching origin. On the staging side the origin is showing up as staging.domain.com. The bucket is called domain.com so on the live server the origin is showing up properly as domain.com. This matches the s3 bucket.
However, when I test the CF distribution i get
Error: Distribution for origin “domain.com” not found.
I can verify that the names are identical in S3 as they are here, the CF is enabled and deployed, and I believe the application has all appropriate IAM permissions.