I started digging into this issue. Been adding improvements and fixes on my github.
https://github.com/bhubbard/cloudflare
For the broken images issue, I am still looking into it. The issue is the code around this line:
https://github.com/bhubbard/cloudflare/blob/master/cloudflare.php#L600
Simply updating that line to include srcset will fix the first images in the srcset but the rest remain with http://
