Sorry for the many subsequent posts.
Apparently I partially solved the problem for the theme; I found a file twentytwelve_it_IT.mo at http://www.true-love.it/wp-content/languages/themes/ (The power of google! It’s not an “institutional” worpdress site; why is it so difficult to find a mo file?), I put it in the [theme]/languages/ directory, it did NOT work, I renamed it it_IT.mo (removing the prefix twentytwelve_) and it DID work.
Now remains the problem with evennts calendar, it’s only partially translated. The days’ names are NOT translated, “search event” is NOt translated, “events in date” IS translated. And still no way to input polylang descriptions of events.
Oh! I noticed now by chance (attention triggered by too different sizes) that the existing files
wp-contents/languages/sl_SI.mo
wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/languages/sl_SI.mo
actually differ.
So I copied the wrong file it_IT.mo in the [theme]/languages/ directory… 🙁