I did more research and found out what’s wrong! In Settings | Discussion, this option was activated by default: “Automatically close comments on posts older than X days”
I deactivated that and whammo- comment form!
What’s still odd is the cuuute little comment counter at the top of my post still shows zero comments after I put one there. I’ll see if it doesn’t count my comments when someone else comments there. 😉
Thanks for your help!