Image Sizes

medium_large is a WordPress core image to help with responsive image support. See https://make.wordpress.org/core/2015/11/10/responsive-images-in-wordpress-4-4/. thumbnail, medium, large are also WP core.

yith-woocompare-image is from the yith plugin of course.

woodmart_shop_catalog_x2 from your theme, like you said.

woocommerce_thumbnail, woocommerce_single, woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail are all from WooCommerce core in WC 3.3+

shop_catalog, shop_single, and shop_thumbnail are also from WC and declared for backwards compatibility reasons (in case a theme/plugin used them) and will be removed in the future. See https://github.com/woocommerce/woocommerce/blob/00b4e1ed447003bef52ba27064ec17784ec9df2e/includes/class-woocommerce.php#L550-L553

The call to add these images size is on the init hook at a default priority. So you could hook onto init as well, at a later priority like 25, and remove the extra three images sizes if you want: https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/remove_image_size