Thank you very very much. That helped! There were two problems:
First I wrote “ü ;” instead of “ü” for testing purposes but I didn’t change it back.
Second is that only in german, all other languages work as you said, ü is changed to “ue” instead of “u”, as you can see on my site (I leave your php code there for some time if you want to check it out).
Anyway thank you very much for your help!