I figured it out. I surrounded the strip_tgs(str_replace(xxxxxxx)); with the strip_shortcodes() command. My result:
$string = strip_shortcodes(strip_tags(str_replace('[...]', '...', $excerpt)));
Removed my shortcodes in excerpts!
Hmmmmmm that does the opposite of what I need. It hides shortcodes on the pages, but doesn’t remove them from previews and excerpts.
I’m using the Gemer theme, it’s a little outdated, and I got it through WordPress on my site.