Thanks again for your help.
After resetting the LiteSpeed Cache settings to default on my staging site, the MailPoet Slide-In form is now displaying properly — so the issue is definitely related to one or more previous configuration options.
Would you be able to guide me on which section or group of settings I should focus on testing? I’d really appreciate your help in narrowing it down, so I don’t go through the entire plugin blindly.
Let me know how you suggest I proceed.