Ok, that solved it. I removed the page with the slug “home” (a page the plugin requires) and deactivated the plugin. Now Google is happy!
My need for a static front page was solved with a home.php in the theme instead.
Thanks for helping me trace the problem, Otto. It seems you found the place that Google dislikes.
Arne – the URL Otto guessed is correct. I use many plugins but considering that this seems to be a problem with the home page I’m wondering if Static Front Page could be the cause (http://www.semiologic.com/software/static-front/). It replaces the standard WP home page with a, as it says, static front page.
I will try to delete the page with the slug “home” and see what happens.
Regarding dutch_gecko’s comment: I’m sorry, I guess I should’ve used some code marking. In the sitemap there is http:// — it must have been this wiki that generated and shortened the clickable link when I posted the code.