Where Are Comment Dev Resources?

I’m trying to build my own comments.php from scratch. I’ve googled tons of stuff, but I’m having trouble finding resources about different functions and commands.

I’m using the comments.php from the classic theme as a guide, but there’s so much I don’t understand that I can’t find explanations for anywhere.

for instance, $post->post_password.

Does ANYBODY have any good resources for comprehending the comment loop and the related functions for comment development?

The only decent thing I know of is the template tags page in the codex.