Different templates for different posts?

You know when you create a Page, you can specify a different Page template? Can you do that with posts?

On my home page, I have some posts which are more important than others. I still want to list my posts chronologically, but I want to the less important posts to be smaller (customized via a template.)

Can I make specific individual posts use a different loop template than others on the home page?

(For example, on daringfireball.net, he has posts which are smaller, and posts which are larger, like the “‘Web Kit’ vs. ‘WebKit’” post.)

Help appreciated.