Penscratch 2 does not support post formats. If you would like post formats, you’ll need to use the original Penscratch instead. You can download it in your dashboard or here:
https://wordpress.org/themes/penscratch/
So there’s no way for me to manually add post formats in? I would greatly prefer to not have to customize my entire site again because the new version has more of the options I wanted for it.
You’d certainly be welcome to create a child theme that incorporates all the post-format related pieces from Penscratch into it.
Making a child theme means your changes won’t be overwritten when you update the theme. If you’re new to child themes, you can explore these guides:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Child_Themes
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/01/create-customize-wordpress-child-theme/
There are several pieces to it – CSS, PHP, and HTML, so you’d need to be comfortable making those changes.