“Save and DONE editing”

Use the “publish” button?

Ah, you mean editing an existing post? No there is no “publish” button in the English version then either (the post is already published). After hitting the “save” button, my English installation says “Post updated. Continue editing below or go back.” “Go back” links to the list with published posts. I do like the way that works.
In case you (still) want to edit the behaviour, somebody with more knowledge of the WP corefiles should join the discussion.