you can use php incrementing operators with your wp loop, just play with it until you reach your goal.
here is an example
php code
<div id="gridcontainer">
<?php
$counter = 1; //start counter
$grids = 2; //Grids per row
global $query_string; //Need this to make pagination work
/*Setting up our custom query (In here we are setting it to show 12 posts per page and eliminate all sticky posts) */
query_posts($query_string . '&caller_get_posts=1&posts_per_page=12');
if(have_posts()) : while(have_posts()) : the_post();
?>
<?php
//Show the left hand side column
if($counter == 1) :
?>
<div class="griditemleft">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<?php
//Show the right hand side column
elseif($counter == $grids) :
?>
<div class="griditemright">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<?php
$counter = 0;
endif;
?>
<?php
$counter++;
endwhile;
//Pagination can go here if you want it.
endif;
?>
</div>
css code
#gridcontainer{margin: 20px 0; width: 100%; }
#gridcontainer h2 a{color: #77787a; font-size: 13px;}
#gridcontainer .griditemleft{float: left; width: 278px; margin: 0 40px 40px 0;}
#gridcontainer .griditemright{float: left; width: 278px;}
#gridcontainer .postimage{margin: 0 0 10px 0;}
you can do this without further editing the loop.php;
assuming your theme uses post_class() https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/post_class in the container for each post in the loop, you can add alternating CSS classes to the posts in the loop by adding a filter function to functions.php (of your child theme);
example code:
add_filter( 'post_class', 'alternating_post_classes' );
function alternating_post_classes( $classes ) {
global $wp_query;
$classes[] = ( $wp_query->current_post%2 == 0 ? 'first-left' : 'second-right' );
return $classes;
}
and the CSS for the images would be:
.first-left a.artikelbild img { float: left; }
.second-right a.artikelbild img { float: right; }