[Graphene Theme] Several CSS Edits – Location Needed

WordPress: 3.9.1 (latest)
Graphene Theme: 1.9.3 (latest)
Website: https://www.anonysec.com/

I’m new to WordPress and I want to change some colors. I already went through the theme’s settings and changed the colors I wanted to change but unfortunately not everything was being customizable, so I guess the remaining edits will have to be done in some of the .css files, if I’m not mistaken.

1. Where can I change the white background color (currently white) of the slider window?
1.1. Where can I change the text color (currently black) of the slider window?

https://cdn.anonfiles.com/1404578330901.png

2. Where can I change the colors of the calendar, including numbers, days, background of days, background of numbers, etc.?

https://cdn.anonfiles.com/1404578422408.png

3. Where can I change the color of the word “by”?
3.1. Where can I change the color of of the “2014” below the date icon?
3.2. Where can I change the color of of the tags?

https://cdn.anonfiles.com/1404578458410.png

4. Where can I change the name color of anonymous commentators?
4.1. Where can I change the color of the date and time below a commentators name?
4.2. Where can I change the color of “Link to this comment”?
4.3. Where can I change the text “Link to this comment”?
4.4. How can I make the “Link to this comment” link appearing all the time instead of the current “appear on hover” feature?

https://cdn.anonfiles.com/1404578496621.png

5. Where can I change the text and background color of the reply box?

https://cdn.anonfiles.com/1404578796284.png

I hope some of you guys can help me out.
Thanks in advance.