posts published on this day

There may be, but I don’t know of one myself. Altering your theme template to do this with some custom code isn’t all that difficult. You use the WP_Query class, passing category and date_query arguments. Then run a loop to display the results. By starting with the provided examples and editing as required, you may be able to accomplish your desired feature even without knowing much about coding.

This custom code will be lost when and if your theme is updated. To protect it, either keep a backup copy or create a child theme. Child themes are not that difficult either and are the recommended way to protect custom template code.