show list of phrases depending on categories or tags

Hello. Relatively new to WP. Maybe you can help me for a very simple (I guess) problem…
I have 3 phrases:
1- a dog on the table
2- a cat on the table
3- a white dog
an I will have many more, some long and some short.
My goal is to have one page where the reader can choose to read all the phrases with “table” (1 and 2) or with “dog” (1 and 3) or with “cat” (2).
If I use a portfolio item for each phrase, in the page I can see the featured images of the groups I want, not the phrases.
If I use a post for each Phrase I don’t know how to work it out. Maybe with custom fields?
All I want is the possibility to have a list of simple phrases grouped togheter.
Do you have any suggestion???