Not sure, but probably not. I think you’d need a separate IP address for each mapped domain because of the way SSL works.
it IS possible but not be default.
Just to be clear – it has nothing to do with how SSL works (see the RFC specs), but rather that Apache’s default implementation of mod_ssl does not implement SNI (server name identification), which is required to allow multiple SSL cert’s via name-based virtual hosting.
(btw – highly doubt you could get this scenario to work with IIS. No clue re:nginx, lighttpd – though likely if you can compile the modules correctly.)
THE FIX
basically: use mod_gnutls, which includes SNI, or there is an SNI enabled mod_ssl project if you prefer.
see these ref’s:
http://www.g-loaded.eu/2007/08/10/ssl-enabled-name-based-apache-virtual-hosts-with-mod_gnutls/
http://amamun.info/how-install-modgnutls-centos-54
https://sni.velox.ch/
see comments in first item. may want to play with gnutls cache timeout to help reduce load spikes.
Outside of using mod_gnutls as @roguegeer proposed… suppose the domain-to-be-mapped is already set up on the same server in a stand-alone WP, correctly configured with SSL on a dedicated IP address. One could create a symbolic link pointing at the WordPress MU root folder. The issue @skinnydog will run into is that the domain mapping plugin (which I love) assumes (in admin screens and database) that all domains mapped are http. So FOR NOW, the answer is no.
I hope this helps