Featured Image Not Showing on Blog Post on PC

I specified “PC” because it DOES show up on the mobile site, and it shows in the FB, Twitter and LinkdIN posts that LeenkMe generates. However, on my computer, the featured image refuses to show up in Chrome, Firefox or I.E. I am beyond frustrated. I just changed my theme, and I have been mucking about some in the CSS, but I’m reasonably sure I didn’t turn off images. I have checked the Screen Options as well.

When I view the source of the post page, the ONLY place the photo in question is referenced is in something from JetPack to do with Twitter and LinkdIn.

I’m self hosted running on Go-Daddy.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.