Can you alter the powers for different Users (authors, editors, etc)?

I administer a blog with multiple contributing users. I’ve noticed that there has been a bug regarding regular Authors – when they compose a post, their posts are not saving with their image and text alignment preferences. However, as Editors, their posts do include those aspects just like they were in the Compose box.

1. – Why would Authors not be able to do that? Is it a bug?
2. – Can I change what powers are included for each level of user?

Thanks.