Avatar img element is not generated – odd issue

Hiya,

I’ve been having a very odd issue lately, and this is one that appears in ALL themes that I’ve tried (several premium themes as well as the default WP themes):

The user avatar element is never generated. As you’ll see in the test post on our staging website that I’ve linked to below, which shows the exact same issue we’re experiencing on our live site, there’s no user avatar in the author info box. When you inspect that element, you’ll see no element is generated there (<div class=”col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-5″></div>). This is what should appear in that div:

Instead it’s just empty!

So I’ve already tried the following:

– replaced all core wordpress files with a fresh download
– disabled all themes except a WP theme
– disabled all plugins
– tried a general author info box, shows same issue, the element where the avatar should be generated comes up empty
– checked console for issues, nothing relevant comes up

Do you maybe have any idea what might be causing this weird issue? I should also note this is the ONLY img element that has this issue – all other images on the websites are generated perfectly.

Thanks!

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]