Adding other files to a child theme?

I have managed to create a child theme, albiet very basic (it just has a stylesheet). But say I’ve made changes to the main theme (Twenty Ten) in loop.php and functions.php, and a couple other files – how would I include these in the child theme folder?

I found this on the WP Codex page….

Other files

In addition to files such style.css, functions.php, index.php, and home.php, a child theme can use any type of file full-fledged themes use, as long as that file is properly linked. For example, it can use icons and images that are linked from its stylesheet, JavaScript files linked from the top or bottom of pages, or extra PHP files called from templates or from functions.php.

So how do I “properly link” my other files?

Thanks.