Product attributes vs product categories and database performance?

Are there any differences performance wise between product attributes, product categories and product tags?

Say I would like to use many product attributes exclusively, instead of having a mix of product categories and tags… What are the pros and cons if any?

I understand they are all taxonomies in the end, and they are all called in the database… I also understand that when using product attributes only, they are all “attached” to the products, and we can create pseudo “categories” with attributes, and the end of the day if the url looks it’s all that matters. But I would like to know if the server would struggle a bit more if using product attributes everywhere instead of product categories.

Thanks in advance,
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