Hmmm.. It's hard to say exactly what the problem is, because the other site may be receiving the trackback or they may be receiving a pingback instead.
A trackback is something you manually send. Obviously.
A pingback is automatic. Whenever you link to another site, WordPress checks to see if it can send a pingback to that site. If so, it does.
The difference here is that a trackback is sent to that other site with the content included. Title, post content, etc. These are sent to the other site and it then does whatever it does.
A pingback, on the other hand, doesn't have any information like that. It just says "hey, I linked to you over here". The other site then comes and loads your site, looks at it, and builds the resulting comment/post accordingly.
Usually, a pingback will look at the <title> to get the name of the page in question. If your page has only the blogname in the page title and not the name of the post as well, that could explain the issue you're having, trackback or not.
The default theme, for example, uses this code in the title:
<title><?php bloginfo('name'); ?> <?php if ( is_single() ) { ?> » Blog Archive <?php } ?> <?php wp_title(); ?></title>
That's a bit ugly, but break it down.. it uses the blog name, then on single pages it adds "Blog Archive". Finally it calls wp_title(), which displays different things depending on the page.. For single posts, that displays the post title.
So you might look at the title in your theme's header.php, see if it matches what you're seeing on these other sites.