Spun Noob, quick question

Hi all,

I am new to this whole php thing and I was just wondering how to setup this theme to use either:

A. When I go to a page there are posts on that page with the circles

B. I tag categories to my posts and the categories show up in the menu on the top right.

I have been doing some research and people who use different themes say that option B is the way to go when you are trying to put posts onto a separate page.

Any help would be greatly appreciated!