is there a way I can access my WP database directly ?
of course you can!
is that front page a php page or just an html page?
depending on that you can do a few things.
--
you could, for instance, use the except on your blog, grab your feed which you set up to just show excerpts, and redisplay it
you could also code another little page that grabs th excerpt, or even more specifically so many characters of your latest post and redisplay it on your front page.
..
thats just the beginning of whats possible -- and there are hundreds of similar threads on here, that talk about doing that. God knows I cant find them though.
and since it appears you dont want to use RSS (ive no idea why) yes you can still do it.