[Plugin: Types – Custom Fields and Custom Post Types Management] posts filtration using custom taxon

The Types plugin lets you create a custom post type, and connect it to a taxonomy. By “post filtration”, I think what you’re looking for is a category selection or “faceted search” tool. Do a WordPress plugin search for “categories search” and see if one of those will do what you want. This Types plugin can use the normal WP Category or a custom taxonomy, so keep that in mind when reading the options of search tools.