Fixed mine as well, turns out the default setting puts the full path to your upload folder in the database, like so
/data/0/0/19/12/19990/user/32456/htdocs/wordpress2/wp-content/uploads
even though the Settings > Miscellaneous Panel still only shows
wp-content/uploads
So if you update this setting, it changes the default correct absolute path into the wrong relative path which doesn't work.
I just went into the database and changed the setting for wp_options upload_path to the absolute path and uploads resumed again. You can also just enter your absolute path into the Miscellaneous Panel and it will work as well, but it will always show the relative path here, even though the saved value is absolute.
Very strange behavior, but it worked!