Hi, I had successfully upgraded to WP 2.6 some time ago, and the upgrade had gone rather smoothly - all posts and categories remained intact. Mysteriously, I noticed that all of my categories had 'disappeared.'
All posts are now marked as 'uncategorized,' Manage > Categories does not display any categories, and my present theme also indicates 'no categories' when I try to list them. If I go to create a category that had previously existed, WP-Admin will report that the category already exists. I have also noticed that I can create new categories w/ different names, but they, too, disappear from WP-Admin.
If I look at the wp_terms and wp_terms_taxonomy tables, it is evident that all of the categories, descriptions, and slugs are written to the database. The IDs within these tables also seem to correlate correctly. I've run myisamcheck on each of these tables, and had done a REPAIR TABLES from within MySQL, all to no avail -- all report the databases are OK.
As an FYI, subsequent to all of this, I had tried to upgrade to 2.6.2 and ran the upgrade.php. The behavior seems to be the same with this most recent version. Any help is greatly appreciated!