you could try creating indexes while you are running the query & see if it speeds it up. have to use full text index on post_content field
you might consider (pseudocode)
select post_title, post_content, count(*) from wp_posts
group by 1, 2 having count(*) > 1
that will give you a list of posts where more than one post has identical title and content, and a count of how many there are, on each line. it won't show ID but you can search for that afterwards.
you have to allow for post revisions which sometimes have identical content - that would add to the where clause
where post_type != 'revision' (I'm not positive of the field name or wording of revision on that - double check before running)