HyperDB is a very advanced database class that replaces WP's built-in DB functions. It supports:
- Read and write servers (replication)
- Local and remote datacenters
- Private and public networks
- Different tables on different databases/hosts
- Smart post-write master reads
- Failover for downed host
- Advanced statistics for profiling
It is based on the code currently used in production on WordPress.com with dozens of DB servers spanning multiple datacenters.